An ionic bond involves _____. - Ionic bonds form between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms. Electron transfer produces negative ions called anions and positive ions …

 
A covalent bond is somewhat more difficult to visualize than an ionic or electrovalent bond because it involves the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms. The stability of this bond can be attributed to the complex mutual attraction of two positively charged nuclei by the shared pair of electrons. . Philly pennsylvania weather

The structure of the methane, CH4, molecule exhibits single covalent bonds. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons. In the methane molecule, the four hydrogen atom shar...An ionic bond involves a metal that transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal. Option C is correct. Ionic bonding also commonly called electrovalent bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the bonding formed by the electrostatic attraction between atoms with a high electronegative difference as seen in group 1 atoms …An ionic bond is a bond between a metal and a nonmetal that results from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. Learn how to identify, classify and calculate the …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True/False: an ionic bond involves equal sharing of electrons between atoms., True/False: an ionic bond involves the attraction between positively charged particles and negatively charged particles., True/False: in an ionic bond, an atom loses 1 or more electrons, while another gains them. and more. Sucrose. Methane. Acetone. Glycerin. Ionic bond refers to a type of chemical bond which generates two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonding refers to the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms. Ionic bonds require more energy to break in comparison to covalent bonds. Therefore, ionic bonds are stronger. Ionic bonding is the attraction between positively- and negatively-charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other to form ionic networks (or lattices ). …Retail purchase of government bonds involves no tax exemption. The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) new scheme to attract direct retail investments in government securities, till now ...An ionic bond involves-. Ans - The loss and gain of electrons. An ionic bond is a type of electrovalent bond in which one atom loses its electron and become positively charged whereas the other atom gains an electron and becomes negatively charged. Covalent Bonds. Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms, in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom.May 29, 2023 · noun plural: ionic bonds A type of chemical bond in which atom s, ion s, or molecule s are held together by electrostatic attraction Details Overview A chemical bond …1.8: Ionic and Covalent Bonds. There are many types of chemical bonds and forces that hold atoms or ions together in compounds. The two most basic types of bonds are characterized as either ionic or covalent. In ionic bonding, atoms transfer electrons to each other. Ionic bonds require at least one electron donor and one electron acceptor.A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Using the table of electronegative provided arrange the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character. 1: Pd-H. 2: C-H. 3: N-O. 4: F-Cl. Match each Lewis electron-dot symbol to the correct description of the element it represents. EE Bonds are one of two types of savings bond sold by the U.S. Treasury (the other is I Bonds). Get the full definition of EE Bonds at InvestingAnswers. EE Bonds are one of two typ...The statement which best describes an ionic bond is: A. An ionic bond involves a metal that transfers one or more electrons to a nonmetal. A chemical bond refers to the forces of attraction that exist between ions, crystals, atoms or molecules and as such are typically responsible for the formation of new chemical compounds.. Basically, a chemical bond is …shape of the charge cloud affects how much repels other charge clouds lone pair charge clouds repel more than bonding pair charge clouds so bond angles reduced cus bonding pairs are pushed together by lone pair repulsion example no lone pairs, then BA same e.g. 109.5 when I lone pair, lone pair repels the bonding pair of electrons, smaller angle 2 lone pairs, repels more, so reduce the bond ... The Covalent Bond. Atoms can combine to achieve an octet of valence electrons by sharing electrons. Two fluorine atoms, for example, can form a stable F 2 molecule in which each atom has an octet of valence electrons by sharing a pair of electrons.. A pair of oxygen atoms can form an O 2 molecule in which each atom has a total of eight valence …Giving buyers power to create and customize their own products is a powerful thing. Here are three companies that have taken buyer involvement to a whole new level. Written by Greg...An ionic bond involves _____. A) water avoidance B) the unequal sharing of an electron pair C) no atoms other than sodium and chlorine D) an attraction between ions of opposite charge E) the sharing of a single pair of electrons. D) an attraction between ions of …A mortgage bond is collateralized by one or several mortgaged properties. They end to have lower yields because real property is pledged as collateral. A mortgage bond uses a mortg...An ionic bond involves _____. An ionic bond involves _____. the unequal sharing of an electron pair: the sharing of a single pair of electrons: an attraction between ions of opposite charge: no atoms other than sodium and chlorine: water avoidance: There are 3 …An ionic bond involves a metal that shares electrons with a nonmetal. An ionic bond involves a metal that transfers one or more electrons to a nonmetal. Which statement best explains why a salt solution conducts electricity? The ions move freely in water and carry electric charges.Ionic bonding is the attraction between positively- and negatively-charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other to form ionic networks (or lattices). Electrostatics explains why this happens: opposite charges attract and like charges repel. The breaking apart of a neutral substance in solution into positively and negatively charged ions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Define ionic bond, For an ionic bond to be possible and energetically favorable, the two atoms involved must be [blank]., When will two atoms be ionically bound? and more. ON BOND PORTFOLIO- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksBecause an ionic bond is very stable, so it needs a larger amount of thermal energy to break its bond. ... What chemical bond involves sharing of electrons between non metals?Bonding with grandparents is important, whether they live far away or next door. Learn 5 things you need to know about bonding with grandparents. Advertisement While many kids' gra...• D. involves metals and non-metals. • B. involves sharing of electrons. • A chemical bond can be described by the following EXCEPT: • A. an attractive force that holds atoms or ions together in a compound • B. belongs to one of three bond classes, ionic, covalent, or metallic • C. molecular orbital combination • D. atomic ... ON BOND PORTFOLIO- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe formation of an ionic bond involves a number of different processes. If we consider the separate electron transfer processes involved in the formation of sodium chloride, which individual steps would require an input of energy? The overall process is represented by the equation shown below. Select all that apply. 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2NaCl (s)Solution. Verified by Toppr. In N H 4Cl molecule, ionic bond is formed between N H + 4 and Cl− ions, 3 covalent bonds are formed between N and three H atoms and one coordinate bond is formed between N and 1 H atom. Hence, option A is correct.Ionic bonds are formed between a metal and non-metal, for example sodium chloride. An atom of sodium will lose an electron and form a positive ion. An atom of chlorine will gain an electron and ...Jan 30, 2023 · Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron (s) between atoms and is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. It is observed because metals with few electrons in its outer-most orbital. By losing those electrons, these metals can achieve noble-gas configuration and satisfy the octet rule. Chemical bonds or simply bonds are the forces of attraction which hold the atoms of different elements together and result into different compounds.These forces of attraction between the elements are of 3 types:-. Ionic bonds are those bonds which are always formed by transferring of electrons between a metal and a non- metal and the resulting ...Carbon (group 14) is a nonmetal, hydrogen (group 1) is a nonmetal, and chlorine (group 17) is a nonmetal; CHCl 3 is predicted to be molecular. Lithium (group 1) is a metal, and carbonate is a polyatomic ion; Li 2 CO 3 is predicted to be ionic. Exercise 3.1.1 3.1. 1. Using the periodic table, predict whether the following compounds are ionic or ...The breaking apart of a neutral substance in solution into positively and negatively charged ions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Define ionic bond, For an ionic bond to be possible and energetically favorable, the two atoms involved must be [blank]., When will two atoms be ionically bound? and more.Hello readers! Today we’re going to dig a little bit into Ionic(or Ionic 2 in this case). We'll learn about Ionic by building a simple Markdown App whichJan 29, 2024 · Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction …The ionic bond involves a transfer of electrons. The metal atom loses one or more electrons to form a positive ion (cation). The nonmetal atom gains one or more electrons to form a negative ion (anion). The attraction between these two oppositely charged ions is known as ionic bond. About This Question. There are two questions in this Question …Fixed income investment options include products such as bank certificates of deposit and bonds issued by government entities and corporations. Considerations when choosing investm...Covalent and Ionic Bonds: Covalent and ionic bonds are two types of chemical bonds that may form between elements. Covalent bonds are generally stronger than ionic bonds. Both are common in compounds that we encounter every day. Answer and Explanation: 1Ionic solids exhibit a crystalline structure and tend to be rigid and brittle; they also tend to have high melting and boiling points, which suggests that ionic bonds are very strong. …Ionic bonds are caused by electrons transferring from one atom to another. In electron transfer, the number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained. We saw this in the formation of NaCl. A similar process occurs between Mg atoms and O atoms, except in this case two electrons are transferred: The two ions each have octets as ...Twitter has become a nationwide phenomenon, and like any phenom, all the Twitter talk grows quickly tiresome. But despite what you may think, Twitter isn't just for narcissists; it...Apr 1, 2016 · The formation of an ionic bond involves .. Further Explanation: Chemical bond is termed as the attractive force that is present between various atoms, ions or molecules. The existence of different chemical compounds is a result of chemical bonds. Ionic bonds are caused by electrons transferring from one atom to another. In electron transfer, the number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained. We saw this in the formation of NaCl. A similar process occurs between Mg atoms and O atoms, except in this case two electrons are transferred: The two ions each have octets as ...AboutTranscript. One way to predict the type of bond that forms between two elements is to consider whether each element is a metal or nonmetal. In general, covalent bonds form between nonmetals, ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, and metallic bonds form between metals. Created by Sal Khan.Sucrose. Methane. Acetone. Glycerin. Ionic bond refers to a type of chemical bond which generates two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonding refers to the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms. Ionic bonds require more energy to break in comparison to covalent bonds. Therefore, ionic bonds are stronger. Ionic bonds involve A) electrostatic interactions between anions and cations. B) the sharing of electrons between two atoms of the same element. C) the attraction between water and salts. D) the release of protons by negatively charged particles.Jan 30, 2023 · High. Formation: A covalent bond is formed between two non-metals that have similar electronegativities. Neither atom is "strong" enough to attract electrons from the other. For stabilization, they share their electrons from outer molecular orbit with others. An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal. A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons and so the sharing is unequal. In a polar covalent bond, sometimes simply called a polar bond, the distribution of electrons around the molecule is no longer symmetrical. Figure 4.7.3 4.7. 3 In the polar covalent bond of HF HF, the electron ...The strength of ionic bonding depends on the magnitude of the charges and the sizes of the ions. 10.3: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The tendency to form species that have eight electrons in the valence shell is called ...One type of chemical bond is an ionic bond. Ionic bonds result from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. For example, sodium cations (positively charged ions) and chlorine anions (negatively charged ions) are connected via ionic bonds in sodium chloride, or table salt. Created by Sal Khan.The chemical bond can be one of two types; primary and secondary bonds. In the primary bond, there are covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds. In the secondary bonds, there are hydrogen and Van der Waals bonds. These bonds are weaker and longer-range than primary bonds, because they do not involve ions or sharing of electrons. Chemical …Jun 20, 2023 · 6.2: Ionic Bonding. Ionic bonding involves transfer of an electron from one atom (which becomes a positively charged cation) to another (which becomes a negatively charged anion ). The two ions attract strongly to form a crystal lattice. Since ionic bonding requires that the atoms involved have unequal attraction for their valence electrons, an ... cation. A positively charged ion. chemical bond. An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or compound. ionic bond. a chemical bond in which a METAL atom loses an electron to form a positive cation and a NONMETAL atom gains an electron to form a negative anion. chemical formula.The Covalent Bond. Atoms can combine to achieve an octet of valence electrons by sharing electrons. Two fluorine atoms, for example, can form a stable F 2 molecule in which each atom has an octet of valence electrons by sharing a pair of electrons.. A pair of oxygen atoms can form an O 2 molecule in which each atom has a total of eight valence …4.03 ionic bonds and salts. 5.0 (2 reviews) Which of the following best describes an ionic bond? (A) one atom gains an electron while the other atom loses an electron and an electrostatic force repels them. (B) two atoms gain electrons and an electrostatic force attracts them. (C) One atom gains electrons while the other atoms loses an electron ... A covalent bond forming H 2 (right) where two hydrogen atoms share the two electrons. A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs.The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share …The breaking apart of a neutral substance in solution into positively and negatively charged ions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Define ionic bond, For an ionic bond to be possible and energetically favorable, the two atoms involved must be [blank]., When will two atoms be ionically bound? and more.Ionic bonds connect a metal and nonmetal element. The bond forms when the atom with less than 4 valence electrons (Sodium) gives its electrons to the atom with more than 4 valence electrons (Chlorine). This forms two ions, Sodium ion with a +1 charge and Chloride ion with a -1 charge. These two ions then form an ionic bond creating Sodium chloride …Ionic Bonds. Ionic bonds are created between metals and non-metals by transferring electrons from metals to non-metals. Metals provide the cation (lose electrons), and nonmetals provide the anion (gain electrons). Generally, bonds formed between atoms with larger electronegativity 1 (e.g. elements in groups 16 and 17 of the periodic table) and ...The chemical bond that is formed between 2 atoms through the transfer of one or more electrons from the electropositive or metallic element to the atom of an electronegative or non-metallic element is called an ionic or electrovalent bond. We know that the electronic configuration of the sodium atom is 2, 8, 1.Ionic compounds conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water. Figure 4.7.5 4.7. 5: In an ionic solution, the A+ ions migrate toward the negative electrode, while the B− ions migrate toward the positive electrode. Example 4.7.1 4.7. 1. Write the dissociation equation of solid NaCl in water.An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond in which valence electrons are lost from one atom and gained by another. It involves a cation and an anion of opposite charge. Learn how ionic bonds form, how they differ from covalent bonds, and how they affect the lattice energy of ionic solids. Dec 26, 2023 · An ionic bond is a type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. It results from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Ionic bonds are best exemplified by nonmetals and …Ionic bonding is a common feature of inorganic compounds and the salts of organic molecules. When inorganic compounds or salts of organic molecules are mixed with water, there is always an ion–dipole attraction, which means the ions are solvated (hydrated) (Figure 4.13 ). Table salt (NaCl) undergoes this process when it is mixed with water.Feb 22, 2021 · 2. Ionic bonding in MgO. The bond between the magnesium atom and the oxygen atom in the compound MgO is also an ionic bond as it involves the transfer of electrons from magnesium to oxygen. The magnesium atom has two electrons in its outermost orbit, which results in low ionization energy. Because an ionic bond is very stable, so it needs a larger amount of thermal energy to break its bond. ... What chemical bond involves sharing of electrons between non metals?IXRRF: Get the latest Ionic Rare Earths stock price and detailed information including IXRRF news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks3.1.3.1 Ionic bonding. Ionic bonding involves electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice. The formulas of compound ions, eg sulfate, hydroxide, nitrate, carbonate and ammonium. predict the charge on a simple ion using the position of the element in the Periodic Table. construct formulas for ionic compounds.Are you looking how to involve your kids in room decorating? Read our guide on How to Involve Your Kids in Room Decorating now! Advertisement Left to their own devices, the kids wo...Ionic bonding is the attraction between positively- and negatively-charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other to form ionic networks (or lattices ). …This interactive activity from ChemThink discusses ionic bonding—a type of chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. Investigate how the transfer of electrons between atoms creates ions and how the mutual attraction of these charged particles forms ionic bonds. Also learn about trends in the periodic table of elements, and explore how …The attraction between oppositely charged ions is called an ionic bond, and it is one of the main types of chemical bonds in chemistry. Ionic bonds are caused by electrons transferring from one atom to another. In electron transfer, the number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained. We saw this in the formation of NaCl.The ionic bond, as its name suggests, is most easily characterized by the formation of charged ions. No other bonding involves the formation of charged ions, which then in turn attract the ...Are you looking how to involve your kids in room decorating? Read our guide on How to Involve Your Kids in Room Decorating now! Advertisement Left to their own devices, the kids wo...An ionic bond involves a metal that transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal. Option C is correct. Ionic bonding also commonly called electrovalent bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the bonding formed by the electrostatic attraction between atoms with a high electronegative difference as seen in group 1 atoms …B) In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionic bonding, one partner does and the other does not. C) Covalent bonding involves only the outermost electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the next electron shell inside the outermost shell. Fixed income investment options include products such as bank certificates of deposit and bonds issued by government entities and corporations. Considerations when choosing investm...Jan 23, 2023 · Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion. • D. involves metals and non-metals. • B. involves sharing of electrons. • A chemical bond can be described by the following EXCEPT: • A. an attractive force that holds atoms or ions together in a compound • B. belongs to one of three bond classes, ionic, covalent, or metallic • C. molecular orbital combination • D. atomic ... Research on the effects of parenting on how kids turn out shows that while parents can influence their kids, they can't really change them, and the main area a parent really can im...If the electronegativity difference is high, then one atom has enough strength to steal the other’s electrons in an ionic bond. For water, H2O, we have hydrogen and oxygen. We can use the Pauling scale to know their electronegativity values. Oxygen is 3.44 while hydrogen is 2.20. This results in an electronegativity difference of 1.24 (3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24). For the …Covalent bonds form between two similar non-metals. Ionic bonds exist between metals and non-metals. HowStuffWoks explains ionic and covalent bonds. Advertisement Have you ever bee...

An ionic bond is a force of attraction between a positive and a negative charged ion. These oppositely charged ions are usually produced when a metal transfers its electron to a nonmetal. For example, when an electron is removed from a neutral sodium atom, the sodium atom becomes a positively charged sodium ion (Na + ), and when this …. Chipotle wilson nc

an ionic bond involves _____.

Ionic bonds are caused by electrons transferring from one atom to another. In electron transfer, the number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained. We saw this in the formation of NaCl. A similar process occurs between Mg atoms and O atoms, except in this case two electrons are transferred: The two ions each have octets as ...A covalent bond forming H 2 (right) where two hydrogen atoms share the two electrons. A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs.The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share …Aug 10, 2022 · Consequently, ions are formed, which instantly attract each other—ionic bonding. Example 9.2.1 9.2. 1: Sodium Chloride. For example, in the reaction of Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine), each Cl atom takes one electron from a Na atom. Therefore each Na becomes a Na + cation and each Cl atom becomes a Cl - anion. Bond laddering is a bond investment strategy whereby an investor staggers their portfolio with bonds according to their maturity so that the bond proceeds… Bond laddering is a bond...4.03 ionic bonds and salts. 5.0 (2 reviews) Which of the following best describes an ionic bond? (A) one atom gains an electron while the other atom loses an electron and an electrostatic force repels them. (B) two atoms gain electrons and an electrostatic force attracts them. (C) One atom gains electrons while the other atoms loses an electron ... Ionic Bonding. An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions (called anions and cations). Ionic bonds can occur between metals and non-metals. Ionic bonds are formed when metal atoms transfer electrons to non-metal atoms. This is done so that each atom forms an ion with a full outer shell of electrons.1.8: Ionic and Covalent Bonds. There are many types of chemical bonds and forces that hold atoms or ions together in compounds. The two most basic types of bonds are characterized as either ionic or covalent. In ionic bonding, atoms transfer electrons to each other. Ionic bonds require at least one electron donor and one electron acceptor.Covalent bonds are comparatively weaker than ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are relatively stronger than covalent bonds. Atoms involved. Covalent bonds usually form between nonmetals with a lower difference in electronegativity. Ionic bonds usually form between metals and nonmetals. Formation of the bond. Covalent bonds are formed as a …The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other. Other types of bonds include metallic bonds ...Covalent bonding involves a sharing of electrons between atoms to complete the octet of electrons for each atom participating in the bond. Ionic bonding involves a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. An ionic bond is the electrostatic force between the resulting anion and a cation. What is the periodic trend of ... The attraction between oppositely charged ions is called an ionic bond, and it is one of the main types of chemical bonds in chemistry. Ionic bonds are caused by electrons …Fixed income investment options include products such as bank certificates of deposit and bonds issued by government entities and corporations. Considerations when choosing investm...Know that ionic bonding involves a metal and a nonmetal with a transfer of electrons. Know that covalent bonding involves two nonmetals or a metalloid with a nonmetal sharing electrons. Bonding (Ionic and Covalent Basics) When two atoms approach each other, they have the potential to bond (or connect). If a metal and a nonmetal interact, then an ionic …Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. The properties of ionic compounds shed some light on the nature of ionic bonds. Ionic solids exhibit a crystalline structure and tend to ...ionic bonds b. network covalent bonds c. dipole-dipole attractions d. hydrogen bonds e. metallic bonds f. covalent bonds g. dispersion forces Classify the bond as ionic, polar, covalent, or nonpolar covalent, and give the reason.Ionic bonding is the attraction between positively- and negatively-charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other to form ionic networks (or lattices). Electrostatics explains why this happens: opposite charges attract and like charges repel. When many ions attract each other, they form large, ordered, crystal lattices in which each ion is …Ionic solids are also poor conductors of electricity for the same reason—the strength of ionic bonds prevents ions from moving freely in the solid state. Most ionic solids, however, ... Exceptions to the expected behavior involve elements toward the bottom of the groups. In addition to the expected ions Tl 3 +, Sn 4 +, ...The statement which best describes an ionic bond is: A. An ionic bond involves a metal that transfers one or more electrons to a nonmetal. A chemical bond refers to the forces of attraction that exist between ions, crystals, atoms or molecules and as such are typically responsible for the formation of new chemical compounds.. Basically, a chemical bond is …Ionic bonds are caused by electrons transferring from one atom to another. In electron transfer, the number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained. We saw this in the formation of NaCl. A similar process occurs between Mg atoms and O atoms, except in this case two electrons are transferred: The two ions each have octets …Jan 30, 2023 · Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron (s) between atoms and is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. It is observed because metals with few electrons in its outer-most orbital. By losing those electrons, these metals can achieve noble-gas configuration and satisfy the octet rule. .

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